CV vs RESUME vs Biodata vs cover letter, Difference between CV, RESUME , Biodata & cover letter

COMPARE BETWEEN CV & RESUME VS BIODATA

Table of Contents 

1.CV vs RESUME in tabular format 

2. What to write on a CV?

3. What to write on a Resume?

4. Rules regarding CV & RESUME in different countries.
5. What is the difference between CV, resume & Biodata
6.How to write CV & Resume properly
7. What is a cover letter?
7.FAQs related CV ,RESUME & BIODATA

1. CV vs RESUME in tabular format

CV (CURRICULUM VITAE)	RESUME
1.It is a Latin word	1. It is a French word
2.CV Latin meaning is "Course of Life".	2. Resume french meaning is "Summary".
3. It is an in-depth document	3. It is just a summary
4. It contains high-level details of all your achievements	4. It doesn't contain all your achievements
5.CV is static. Means you don't need to write a different CV for different posts/positions	5. You need to write different Resume for different positions or posts.
6. Plural form CV is "CURRICULA VITARUM"	6. Plural form of the resume is "resumes"
7. Examining a CV is time-consuming and boring	7. Examining a Resume is Easy as it contains only specific details.
8. It is not customizable	8. It is highly customizable.
9. Most of the CVs have NO PAGE LIMIT.	9. Most of the Resumes hardly touch 2nd page.
10. Length of CV depends on applicant's experienced. (more experience= more le	11. Length of resume depends on the type of job, position & requirement.
12. CV is mostly used for scholarship, research, academic job, public sector job.	12. Resume mostly used for non-research, non-academic [Mostly used for Interview purpose]
13.CV used for different purposes in different countries. Many countries use CV as	13. Resume used for different purpose in the different country many countries use CV instead of a resume
14. CV is chronological (means recruiter will examine A-Z of your CV)	14. A resume is Reverse chronological (means recruiter only examine your recent works)
15. 4 types of CV.. 1.Traditional CV 2.Functional CV 3.Academic CV 4.Creative CV.	15. 4 types of resume 1.Chronological 2.Functional 3.Targeted 4.Combination
16.CV is used when there is less competition for a post.	16. A resume is used to easily scan a talented applicant from other applicants.[mostly used for competitive jobs]

2. What to write in a CV?

The requirement of CV writing varies from country to country & job to job. Still, you can write a formal appealing CV for a particular job by knowing the format of CV writing.

1. Your name, Contact Information (contact information should be your current employment place)   
2. Biography (Add only necessary things/Brief biography )
3. Area of academic Interests 
4. Education-Degrees, Institution name, Year of graduation, achievements & awards
5. Employment History  
6. Your Achievements and Responsibilities as an employee
7. Professional Development Courses + Training
8. Teaching Experience, grants, honors & awards received for your service 
9. Research & Lab Experience (List of research books, articles, Thesis & presentations you published)
10. Graduate Fieldwork
11.  Technical, Computer, and Language Skills
12. Professional Licenses and Certifications 
13. Scholarships, Grants, Fellowships, and Assistantships (Mention if you are a member of any professional organization. Never forget to include your post/position in that organization) 
14. Study Abroad, International Experiences & International achievements 
15. Descriptions of Theses and Dissertations 
16. Presentations, Lectures, and Other Public Speaking Engagements
17. Exhibitions
18. References ( A list of persons who write Recommendation letters for you.Never forget to include their contact information)
19. Hobbies, Interests, and Related Extracurricular Activities
20. Before writing a CV first gather information about that institution. Which type of CV they accept? What extra you should include in your CV during applying job that job?
21. If it is a different country then you should do you a proper research about that country's CV format. [Format of CV & resume varies country to country]

 ALWAYS USE ARIAL or TIMES NOW   font to write a CV or Resume

Before writing a CV or Resume always Check CV or Resume of professionals of your field, interest & qualifications. You can find so many CV or resumes online that matches with  your profession. 

 3. What to write in a Resume?

1. Name and Contact information
2. Education  
3. Work experience
4. Companies you worked for
5. Locations of each company
6. Your achievements as an employee
7. Your job title

4 Rules Regarding CV & RESUME in different countries

• USA & CANADA job applicants mostly use Resume for a job.
• In countries like India, Australia CV is used for research, academic & public sector jobs.
• USA & CANADA resumes are allowed in Europe, New Zealand.
• For European union CV= American RESUME. If you are applying for a job in any  European Union country then they will ask for a CV.
• Many European employers want a photo of the  applicant on CV
• The photo on CV is mandatory in countries like Greece, Germany, Poland & Italy But optional in Portugal.
• American CV & Resume is applicable in most of the countries in the world.
• But you have to do a proper research about CV & Resume guideline of that country.

5.  Difference between CV, Resume & Biodata

• CV & Resume mostly focus on the career, achievements, work experience, qualifications, and hobbies.
• CV & resume can be used for international jobs.
• But Biodata mainly focuses on Date of birth, country, religion, Gender, residence, marital status.
• Biodata mainly used for local jobs as a teacher, lecturer or research jobs.
• Biodata never used for international jobs

6. How to write a CV or Resume properly?

• Always use bullet points to write CV or Resume.
• Highlight your good points (Education, qualification, talents, achievements)
• Check the grammar mistakes
• Use a good looking template 
• Always use a readable font (Arial & Times Now)
• After writing CV or resume let others read this honestly & ask them what they feel about it? Was it readable? Was it awesome?
• Before writing a CV or ReSUME GO THROUGH MULTIPLE SAMPLES, examine their formats of writing and select the best format for you.

7. What is a Cover Letter

• A cover letter is used for personal introduction while applying for a particular job in a company.
• In a cover letter, you need to Introduce yourself to that company for a particular post.
• You are supposed to request the organization to take your interview to fill the vacancy.
• Cover letters are mostly one paged and applicant sends resume with a cover letter to the Recruiter.

8. FAQs related CV,Resume,Bio-data & Cover letter solved

1.Example of RESUME

EXAMPLE OF A  RESUME

2. Can I use Resume instead of CV?

It depends on the organization and country. Most of the countries allow American format. Means they allow Resume instead of CV in job sectors.

3. Does CV include a cover letter?

No, only Resume includes a Cover letter.

4. Should I send a cover letter if not requested?

A cover letter is the first impression letter. You have to highlight your talents with ultimate respect in a cover letter.

You have to show things in your cover letter that you can not include in your Resume.

5. What should come first Resume or Cover letter?

The cover letter comes first. If your cover letter is impressive then they will call you for an interview.

6. What skill to put in a CV?

1. Communication skill
2. Extra-ordinary working skill/unique skills
3. Working in pressure skills
4. How fast you adopt a new environment (Adaptability skill)
5. Leadership skill
6. Punctuality
7. Time management
8. Cooperation with fellow colleagues
9. Conflicts solving skills
10. Decision-making ability 
11. How you motivate others

I hope this helped you. Please comment if you need more. if you have any doubt please feel free to comment.

HTTPS VS HTTPS COMPARISON: DIFFERENCE AND SIMILARITY BETWEEN http & https

HTTP vs HTTPS COMPARISON 

HTTP (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL)	HTTPS (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL SECURE)
1.LESS SECURE	1. MORE SECURE
2. FASTER THAN HTTPS	2.SLOWER THAN HTTP
3. ANYONE CAN ACCESS INFORMATION TRANSFERRED THROUGH HTTPS	3. USER WITH PUBLIC KEY ONLY CAN ACCESS INFORMATION TRANSFERRED THROUGH HTTPS.
4.NO CRYPTOGENIC PROTOCOL USED TO MAKE HTTP SECURE	4. CRYPTOGENIC PROTOCOLS SUCH AS SSL/TLS USED TO MAKE HTTPS SECU
5. IT USES DEFAULT PORT 80	5. IT USES DEFAULT PORT 443
6.HTTP WORKS AT APPLICATION LAYER	6. HTTPS WORKS AT TRANSPORT LAYER
7. HTTP CONTAINS NO CERTIFICATE.	7. HTTPS CONTAINS SSL CERTIFICATE (SECURE SOCKET LAYER CERTIFICATE)
8.PASSWORD, LOGIN DETAILS, COOKIES, CREDIT CARD DETAILS FORM SUBMISSION CAN BE ACCESSED BY HACKERS	8.PASSWORD, LOGIN DETAILS, COOKIES, CREDIT CARD DETAILS, FORM SUBMISSIONS CAN  NOT BE ACCESSED BY HACKERS
9.HTTP NEVER PROVIDE WEBSITE SECURITY	9. HTTPS PROVIDES BASE LEVEL SECURITY OF A WEBSITE
10. THE FIRST VERSION OF HTTP INTRODUCED IN 1991 [ First version-HTTP V0.9]	10. HTTPS FIRST VERSION RELEASED IN 1997 [First version- HTTP V1.1]
11. TED NELSON COINED THE TERM HTTP	11. HTTPS FIRST IMPLEMENTED BY NETSCAPE CORPORATION.
12. SMALL BUSINESS WEBSITES STILL USING HTTP	12. GOOGLE ANNOUNCED HTTPS AS SEO FACTOR IN 2014 & MADE MANDATORY FOR ALL SITES TO KEEP HTTPS INSTEAD OF HTTP
13. IT IS MOSTLY USED IN VIDEO STREAMING, PLAYING ONLINE GAMES, VIDEO CONFERENCING	14. IT IS WIDELY USED IN ONLINE E-COMMERCE STORES, PAYMENT WEBSITES LIKE PAYPAL &BUSINESS SITES.
14. IT OPERATES AT TCP/IP LEVEL	15. IT OPERATES AT SSL/TLS LAYER
15. HACKERS CAN ACCESS INFORMATION TRANSFERRED THROUGH HTTP	16. HACKERS CAN NOT ACCESS INFORMATION TRANSFERRED THROUGH HTTPS

diagram showing how HTTPS is more secure compared to HTTP

1. Is HTTP safe?

No, HTTP is not safe for you if you are doing sensitive works online.

Sensitive works mean doing online shopping, changing the password, accessing important data online etc. 

2.  Difference between HTML & http?

HTML is a programming language and HTTP is a protocol.

HARDWARE vs SOFTWARE vs FIRMWARE- DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

HARDWARE  vs  SOFTWARE   vs FIRMWARE COMPARISON 

Table of Contents

1. Hardware vs software tabular form
2.Hard types
3.Software types
4.Software vs Firmware
5.Software vs App

HARDWARE	SOFTWARE
1. PHYSICAL PART OF A COMPUTER IS CALLED HARDWARE.	1. A SET OF INSTRUCTION GIVEN TO COMPUTER CALLED SOFTWARE.
2. WE CAN TOUCH, FEEL & SEE HARDWARE.	2. WE CANNOT TOUCH, FEEL OR SEE A SOFTWARE.
3. HARDWARE IS OPERATED BY SOFTWARE	3. THE OPERATION OF A COMPUTER CONTROLLED BY SOFTWARE
4. IT BREAKS, WEAR OUT & CAN BE REPLACED.	4. IT NEVER WEAR OUT BUT WHEN IT BECOME OLD IT CAN BE UPDATED IF THERE IS ANY UPDATE AVAILABLE FOR IT
5. THEORETICALLY, IT CAN NOT BE COPIED	5. IT CAN BE COPIED
6. IT CAN GET AFFECTED BY VIRUS INDIRECTLY	6. IT CAN GET AFFECTED BY VIRUS
7. IT CAN NOT BE TRANSFERRED THROUGH ELECTRONIC MEDIUM.	7. IT CAN BE EASILY TRANSFERRED THROUGH ELECTRONIC MEDIUMS
8. HARDWARE IS LIKE HUMAN BODY. (you can touch it, feel it & can see it)	8. SOFTWARE IS JUST LIKE HUMAN SOUL/MIND (You cannot touch, see or feel it. But it present inside your body)
9.EXAMPLE- mouse, monitor, motherboard, CPU, Keyboard, Hard disk, graphics card)	9. EXAMPLE- Apps, software like google chrome, safari, media player, Microsoft excel, notepad etc)
10. IT IS PHYSICAL IN NATURE	10. IT IS LOGICAL IN NATURE

2. HARDWARE TYPES 

1. INPUT DEVICES – keyboard, image scanner, microphone, pointing device, graphics tablet, joystick, light pen, mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, trackball,  webcam
2. OUTPUT DEVICES – monitor, printer, speakers
3. REMOVABLE DATA STORAGE - optical disc drive, floppy disk, memory card, USB flash drive.
4. COMPUTER CASE-   CPU, hard disk, motherboard, network interface controller, power supply, RAM, sound card, video card.
5. DATA PORTS- Ethernet, parallel port, serial port, USB.

3. SOFTWARE TYPES

1. APPLICATION SOFTWARE–   word processors, video games &other entertainment programs.
2. SYSTEM SOFTWARE – These directly operate your computer hardware. It provides users with basic functionality. Example- operating systems, device drivers, and utilities.
3. MALICIOUS SOFTWARE – Also known as malware, it is software that’s developed to damage or harm computer systems making it difficult for home users and business users.EXAMPLE- Ransomware, Wannacry etc.

4. SOFTWARE vs FIRMWARE

SOFTWARE	FIRMWARE (Known as EMBEDDED SOFTWARE)
1. MOST OF THE SOFTWARES ARE BIGGER IN SIZE	1. FIRMWARE CAN BE SMALLER OR BIGGER IN SIZE
2. SOFTWARE CAN BE ACCESSED BY USERS	2. FIRMWARE IS RESTRICTED BY MANUFACTURER. The ONLY MANUFACTURER CAN ACCESS IT.
3. SOFTWARES ARE UPDATED REGULARLY.	3. FIRMWARES ARE NOT MEANT TO BE UPDATED. (You can update if manufacturers want)
4. SOFTWARE IS STORED IN USER ACCESSIBLE MEMORY	4. FIRMWARE IS PLACED SEMI-PERMANENTLY IN THE HARDWARE. (in ROM or flash memory)
5. SOFTWARE IS EASIER TO RUN ON A DEVICE	5. FIRMWARE IS CRITICAL TO RUN ON A DEVICE THAT IS WHY IT IS PLACED IN USER INACCESSIBLE PLACES.
EXAMPLE:- Microsoft Excel, notepad, VLC player, Games etc.	EXAMPLE:- BIOS system of a computer, remote controlling devices. OS like Android, iOS, windows all is firmware.

5. SOFTWARE VS APP 

• The software is much bigger as compared to the app
•  softwares are is used to create an app
• Example of software - ANDROID STUDIO
• Example of an app- UC BROWSER

 

CREDIT CARD vs DEBIT CARD (DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CREDIT CARD & DEBIT CARD)- 2018 DEC

COMPARE BETWEEN CREDIT CARD AND DEBIT CARD & WHICH IS THE BEST. WHY YOU SHOULD CHOOSE ONE OVER OTHER?

Table of contents

1.CREDIT CARD VS DEBIT CARD (IN TABULAR FORMAT)
2.CREDIT CARD VS DEBIT CARD ( If you could not understand tabular form then read details explanation)
3. PRO TIPS TO CHOOSE WHICH CARD FOR WHICH PURPOSE?

1. CREDIT CARD VS DEBIT CARD TABLE

CREDIT CARD	DEBIT CARD
1. IN CREDIT CARD YOU HAVE TO BORROW MONEY FROM YOUR CARD PROVIDER	1. IN DEBIT CARD YOU HAVE TO PAY MONEY FROM YOUR BANK ACCOUNT DIRECTLY.
2. YOU CAN SPEND MORE MONEY THAN YOUR LIMIT USING CREDIT CARD	2. YOU CANNOT SPEND MORE MONEY THAN YOUR TOTAL BALANCE.
3. WHEN YOU SWIPE THE CARD THE CARD COMPANY PAYS	3.WHEN DEBIT CARD IS SWIPED MONEY DEDUCTED DIRECTLY FROM YOUR BANK ACCOUNT.
4. GETTING CREDIT CARD IS NOT EASY.	4. GETTING A DEBIT CARD IS EASY & MOST OF THE PEOPLE USE DEBIT CARD.
5. CREDIT CARD KNOWN AS LOAN CARD	5. DEBIT CARD KNOWN AS ACTUAL/BALANCE CARD
6. YOU CAN PURCHASE EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE FUND(MONEY)	6. YOU CANNOT PURCHASE USING DEBIT CARD IF YOU DON'T HAVE FUND (MONEY)
7.CHARGES/PENALTY FOR MAKING LATE PAYMENT.	7. FOR OVERDRAFT (PURCHASING MORE THAN BALANCE MONEY) DEBIT CARD COMP
8. BETTER FRAUD & THEFT PROTECTION	8. FRAUD EASILY CAN HAPPEN

It is really easy to find if a card is debit card or credit card. "All credit or debit cards have EITHER CREDIT CARD OR DEBIT CARD WRITTEN ON THEM"

2. CREDIT CARD VS DEBIT CARD DETAILS EXPLANATION

1. CREDIT CARD 

• The credit card is known as a loan card. You have to borrow money from the credit card company (ex- VISA, MASTERCARD, AMERICAN EXPRESS etc)
• After borrowing money you have to pay money to the company at the end of the month.
• You need to pay more interest to the company if you pay money lately. (Interest rate is high you cannot afford if you are not rich)
• HOW CREDIT CARD WORKS:--- If you buy 100$ item from Walmart store then your credit card company will give the money to the Walmart when you swipe the card & credit card company will charge that amount of money from you at the end of the month (or mutually fixed date)
• You can purchase more than your actual bank balance but you have to pay that amount to the card company. 
• Late payment can decrease your credit card score. 
• You need to INCREASE YOUR CREDIT SCORE (POINTS) if you are using a credit card.
• Credit card limit decided by the credit card company. If you have a good score then the company will increase the limit (you can purchase more)
• If you purchase something using a credit card then it takes some days to transfer money to the bill. 
• A credit card is more secure against frauds or lost-stolen cases because it takes weeks to transfer money to your bill. (If you contact credit card company immediately then can stop the transfer of money & can block that card easily)
• Credit card issuing companies charge interest for the late fee.
• Applying for a credit card is bit complex as credit card companies check your capacity, credit score etc.
• You will rarely get any approval if you have a low credit score or bad reputation with previous credit card issuing company.

PROS OF CREDIT CARD 

1. More secure
2. You can spend money without thinking about balance
3. Good if you are doing a high amount of transactions

CONS OF CREDIT CARD

1. For rich guys.
2. Credit card companies charge a heavy amount of money.
3. Not approved easily.

2. DEBIT CARD 

• The debit card is known as balance card. No need to borrow money from anyone.
• You cannot use more money than your total bank balance to purchase something.
•  The debit card also has a system where you can purchase more than your total bank balance and it is known as OVERDRAFT.
• To use overdraft feature you need to talk with your card provider.
• You need to pay extra money for using the overdraft feature.
• HOW DEBIT CARD WORKS:- When you purchase something using debit card money get deducted from your bank balance directly.
• You don't need to pay any interest if you are not using any overdraft feature.
• It is not secure against frauds as money get deducted faster than a credit card.
• Easy approval.

PROS OF DEBIT CARD 

1. You can spend more money than your total balance using overdraft feature.
2. You spend money cautiously.
3. No need to pay interest if you are not using overdraft feature. (middle-class friendly)
4. Easy approval

CONS OF DEBIT CARD 

1. Not secure compared to credit card
2. Most of the time You cannot pay more money than your bank balance.

3.PRO TIPS:-

1. WHICH CARD I SHOULD CHOOSE IF I AM VISITING FOREIGN COUNTRY?

You can use both credit card and debit card. But never forget to keep local cash of that country in your purse.

2. WHICH IS BETTER CREDIT CARD OR DEBIT CARD?

Both are becoming better nowadays. But a credit card is for rich & extravagant. 

3. WHAT IS THE SIMILARITY BETWEEN DEBIT CARD AND CREDIT CARD?

Both are the same size, both are allowed in most of the places, both carry the logo of  issuing company (VISA, MASTERCARD etc..)

4. WHEN CREDIT CARD IS BETTER THAN DEBIT CARD AND DEBIT CARD IS BETTER THAN CREDIT CARD?

A credit card is good for you if you spend high amount of money and rich enough to repay with interest.

A debit card is good for 9-5 job people.


5. WHEN YOU SHOULD USE CREDIT CARD AND WHEN YOU SHOULD USE DEBIT CARD?

Use credit card for big purchases or frequent purchase (if you are spending money regularly)

Use debit card if you rarely purchase anything.

AC vs DC (THE COMPLETE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AC & DC)

COMPARISON BETWEEN AC & DC

1.Difference between AC & DC in tabular form

AC (Alternating Current)	DC (Direct Current)
1. AC is developed by NIKOLA TESLA	1. DC is developed by THOMAS EDISON
2.Ac is safe to transfer over longer city distance & provides more power (EFFICIENT)	2. DC is for short distances. It losses more energy during travelling far distance . Provides less power (INEFFICIENT)
3. Rotating magnetism along the wire.	3. Steady magnetism along the wire.
4. FREQUENCY of AC is 50-60 Hz depending on places (countries)	4. FREQUENCY of DC is 0Hz
5.It reverses its direction periodically while flowing in a circuit.	5. It is unidirectional in a circuit.
6. It is the current of magnitude varies with time	6. Current of magnitude is constant.
7.Electrons keep switching direction (BOTH FORWARD & BACKWARD)	7. Electrons only move forward.
8.SOURCE of AC is Generator	8. Source of DC is cell or battery
9. It is Impedance	9. It is Resistance
10.Lies between 0 & 1	10. It is always 1
11. AC is more complex than DC	11. DC is simpler than AC
12. There is nothing constant in DC	12. Everything constant in DC.
13. When graphed AC look like WAVE or sinusoidal structure.	13. When graphed DC look like two flat line. (PARALLEL LINES)
14. AC is known as long distance current.	14. DC is known as short distance current.
15. Transformer work in AC	15. The transformer has no value in DC.
16. AC is not safer compared to DC	16. DC is safer compared to AC

 

Bit vs Byte (difference & similarity between them)

BITS VS BYTES DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM 

Bits/Bit	Byte
1.bits full form- Binary digits	Bytes full form- Binary terms
2.Bit is smaller than byte	Byte is bigger than bits
3.1Bits= 1/8 Bytes	1 Byte= 8bits
4.Bit is slower than byte (example-1Mbps is slower than 1MBps)	Byte is faster than bits (example-1MBps is faster than 1Mbps)
5.Bit symbol is "b" (ex- 1Kb= 1kilobits, 1Mb=1Megabits	Byte symbol is "B" (ex- 1KB=1KiloByte, 1MB=1MegaByte)
6.Bit is the smallest unit of data used in computer.	Byte is the 3rd smallest unit of data used in computers (2nd is Nibble. 1Nibble= 4bits)
7. It's work is to measure the amount of data	It's work is also to measure amount of data.
8. Bit is mainly used to measure data transfer speed. (ex-download speed, upload speed, file transfer speed etc. are measured in Mbps or Gbps)	8.Byte is used to measure storage. (ex- internal memory is 16GB ,CD, pendrive)

RAM vs ROM. ( DIFFERENCE & SIMILARITY BETWEEN THEM)- 2018 OCTOBER

 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RAM & ROM

By ABINASH KUMAR PARIDA

RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)	ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)
1. IT IS A TEMPORARY STORAGE	IT IS A PERMANENT STORAGE
2.RAM IS VOLATILE (VOLATILE MEANS IT DELETES EVERYTHING IT CONTAINS AFTER SWITCH OFF)	IT IS NON-VOLATILE
4. IT REQUIRES FLOW OF ELECTRICITY TO WORK.	IT STORES DATA EVEN WHEN THERE IS NO ELECTRICITY
5.FASTER THAN ROM	IT IS SLOWER THAN RAM
6.CAN BE READ, WRITE & ERASE DATA NUMEROUS TIMES	IT ONLY READS & ERASES DATA.
7. STORAGE CAPACITY: -512MB- 256GB (PER CHIP)	STORAGE CAPACITY PER CHIP IS 4MB or 8MB.
8.BIG IN SIZE (BIGGER THAN ROM)	IT IS SMALLER IN SIZE THAN RAM
9. EXPENSIVE	COMPARATIVELY CHIP
10. CAN QUICKLY SWITCH BETWEEN TASKS	CANNOT SWITCH BETWEEN TASKS QUICKLY.
11. WORK AS INTERNAL MEMORY	IT ALSO WORK AS INTERNAL MEMORY
12. DATA IN RAM CAN BE MODIFIED	DATA IN ROM CANNOT BE MODIFIED
13.RAM IS NECESSARY FOR CPU PROCESS	ROM IS NECESSARY FOR BOOT-UP PROCESS
14. FIRST INTRODUCED OCTOBER 1970	FIRST INTRODUCED IN the 1980s.
15. SPEED IS MEASURED IN MHz (1GHz=1000MHz) more GHz means better speed	SPEED IS MEASURED IN MHz. More GHz means more speed.

SIMILARITY BETWEEN RAM & ROM
1. Both store information in their body
2. They represent pieces of information as a series of binary numbers (1&0)
3.ROM stores data even when there is no electricity. But both RAM & ROM work when there is electricity/voltage. (simply, they are nothing without electricity).

THE ACTUAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RAM & ROM

1. RAM  (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

1. Why it is called RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY OR RAM?

It is called random memory access because it can access any memory location without touching any lower memory locations.

2. ADVANTAGES OF RAM

 RAM is faster 

3. DISADVANTAGES OF RAM

RAM is expensive 

4. Types of  RAM:- 

TYPES OF RAM
1.SRAM (STATIC RAM)
2.DRAM (DYNAMIC RAM)
3.SDRAM (Synchronous Dynsmic RAM)
4.SDR-SDRAM (Single Data Rate SDRAM)
5.DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
6.GDDR-SDRAM (Graphics Double Data Rate SDRAM)
7.FLASH MEMORY
8.ADRAM (Asynchronous DRAM)
9.RDRAM (Rambus-DRAM)
10.CDRAM (Cache DRAM)
11.FPM-DRAM ( Fast Page Mode DRAM)
12.EDO-DRAM (Extended Data Out DRAM)
13.VRAM (Video RAM)
14.MRAM (Magneto Resistive RAM)

2. READ ONLY MEMORY  (ROM)

1. Why it is called ROM?

During initial computer era computers used to have PROM (programmable-ROM). During that time ROM manufacturers used to write programs on ROM. Users had only able to read the program but they couldn't erase & re-write the program.

That is why we still call it READ ONLY MEMORY. But it is not a correct idea to call ROM as READ ONLY MEMORY. Because modern ROMs differ from initial ROMs.

2.ADVANTAGES OF ROM

ROM is cheaper and can store more. 

3.DISADVANTAGES OF ROM

ROM is slower compared to RAM. 

4. Types of ROM 

TYPES OF ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)
1.PROM (Programmable-ROM)
2.EPROM (Erasable PROM)
3.EEPROM (Electrical-EPROM)
4. FROM (Flash ROM)
5.MROM (Masked ROM)

Difference between IP ADDRESS & MAC ADDRESS-ABINASH DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

DIFFERENCE  BETWEEN  MAC ADDRESS & IP ADDRESS

By ABINASH KUMAR PARIDA 

                              MAC VS IP

  MAC ADDRESS (MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL)

difference between ip address -mac address

1. MAC ADDRESS is the address provided by the manufacturer during the manufacturing of a network adapter. (an example of the network adapter is  " Router")
2. It is a UNIQUE ADDRESS. Every network adapter has a unique number.
3. EXAMPLE of a MAC ADDRESS is  00:01:15:27:89:56 
4. In the above example, the FIRST 3 bits (00:01:15) indicates the name of the manufacturer 
5. It is based on  OSI LAYER 2 
6. less secure than IP ADDRESS.
7. To know what is your MAC ADDRESS on your phone go to phone setting>about>status>wifi -mac address
8. It is 48 bit 
9. MAC ADDRESS work as a permanent address of a device.
10. MAC ADDRESS helps to prevent strangers accessing your network adapter/routers. Your router only accepts MAC ADDRESS that has permission to connect the router.
11. MAC ADDRESS can provide the geographical location of a device.
12. It is more reliable in stolen/ police cases (it helps police to catch criminals)
13. READ DETAILS ABOUT MAC ADDRESS  IN  SIMPLE LANGUAGE

IP ADDRESS (INTERNET PROTOCOL)

1. IP ADDRESS is provided by ISP ( INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER) to its customers 
2. It is a unique address. Every device that connects to the internet has a UNIQUE IP ADDRESS.
3. There are basically 4 types of IP ADDRESSES 1.PRIVATE  2.PUBLIC   3.DYNAMIC    4.STATIC 
4. Public IP ADDRESS changes every time you turn off/on internet
5. private IP ADDRESS never changes .you can check your private IP by going SETTING>ABOUT>STATUS
6. STATIC IP ADDRESS is static/never changes. Static IP ADDRESS mostly used in research & data centers. 
7. It is based on OSI LAYER 3
8. IP ADDRESS is 2 types when it comes to number  1.IPV4 2.IPV6
9. IPV4 is 32bit 
10. example of ipv4 is 12.54.367.23 (you can search on google what is my IPV4 to get the result)
11. IPV6 is 128bit 
12. Example of IPV6 is 13:56:0:00:000:678:5te:0 (you can search on google what is my IPV6 to get the result)
13. IP ADDRESS work as an online address of your device. If you search something on google then google will send the result to your IP ADDRESS.
14. If there is no IP ADDRESS then that result will transfer to the other device instead of your device.
15. IP ADDRESS can tell you GEOLOCATION of your device.
16. Police use the suspect's IP ADDRESS to catch him.
17. READ DETAILS ABOUT IP ADDRESS IN SIMPLE LANGUAGE  HERE.

FAQs RELATED MAC & IP SOLVED

1. WHY NETWORK COMPONENTS NEED ADDRESS?

Address help internet to send packets to a right place. If you search for something on the internet then result come to your IP ADDRESS. Simply address helps in the successful transportation of data.

2. THREE TYPES OF ADDRESSES USED IN NETWORK?

1.PHYSICAL ADDRESS   (Example-MAC ADDRESS)
2.LOGICAL ADDRESS     (Example-IP ADDRESS)
3.SYMBOLIC ADDRESS  (Example-DOMAIN NAME)

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAC & IP ADDRESS IN TABULAR FORM 

Difference between MAC & IP

SL NO	MAC(MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL)	IP (INTERNET PROTOCOL)
01	Provided by a manufacturer during manufacturing of an  INTERNET ADAPTER.	Provided by ISP during an internet connection
02	It never changes	Changes/never changes according to its type.
03	It is 48 bit	It is 32bit/128bit
04	OSI LAYER 2	OSI LAYER 3
05	The work of MAC is to avoid strangers connecting to your ROUTER. Your router allows only permitted MAC ADDRESS.	The work of IP is to exchange certain packets to a certain IP. For example:- Your IP is 12.345.67.89 & google IP is 987.65.43.21 whenever you search for something on the internet result comes from Google IP address to your IP ADDRESS.
06	Police catch a criminal using his  MAC address.	Police can track geolocation of a criminal using his IP ADDRESS.
07	Example of MAC address is 01:12:23:45:68:79 First 3 bits (01:12:23) indicates about manufacturer's OUI number	IP can be static,public,dynamic,private IP address
08	N/A	public IP changes frequently but static & private change never. Dynamic IP address changes after  3-4 month
09	N/A	IP ADDRESS is two types when it comes quantity 1.IPV4 21PV6
10	N/A	1.IPV4  It is 32 bits example-12.23.45.67 IPV6 It is 128 bits example-0:000:12:34et:45:56h:90:0000

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